Diaphragm and nozzle construction for turbines.



No. 840,132. PATENTED JAN'. 1, 1907.

' O.JUNGGREN.

DIAPHRAGM AND NOZZLE CONSTRUCTION FOR TURBINE S.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5, 1905.

witnessesz m Inventor:

v ,2, OscarJunggren 6? W BYWOQMM Atty.

35 1 which supply steam or other elastic fluldto the nozzles or nozzle-sections. Situ'ate'dad-Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

. osoAR JUNGGREMOF SUHENE'CTADYV, NEW YORK, Ass eNoR TO GENERAL 1 RLEo'rR o COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PIAPHRAGM'AND NOZZLE CONSTRUCTION FOR TURBIN'ES.

Specification of Iietters Patent. Application filed June 5, 1905. SerialNo. 263,704.

Patented Jan. 1, 1907.

Toall whom it may concern:

Be it known'that I, OSCAR J UNGGREN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county. of Schenectady, State of' New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Diaphragm and Nozzle Constructionfor Turbines,.oi' which the is made of suitable diameter andthickness, and extending from the eriphery or a point complete ring or range of nozzles.

zles-extend entirely around the circumference of the bucket wheel or .wheels.- Thisis largely due-to the heavy pressuresto which the diaphragm is subjected; Hence special precautions must be taken to provideLa construction which Will withstand such pressures and at the same time ermit the use of a f In carrying out my invention the main body of the diaphragm, partition,-or support near the periphery are t 'c -radial ribs like the spokes on a wheel. T se ribs are con- 1 nected at. their outer ends by a heavy rim which is separated from the main body of the diaphragm by achamber which is divided by e the ribs into a number of segmental chambers jacent to or connecting with the inner ends of the radial ribs isor may be a circumferential web for strengthenin r the main body aust side of the of thediaphragm. The'e diaphragm is provided with asuitably-finished surface to receive the' nozzle, and between this surface and the exhaust side of ject of these passages and chambers isto fur-.

the radial ribs are passages which connect the adjacent segmental chambers, The obnish a-means wherebyacom lete range or ring of nozzles. canbe supplie with motive fluid and also to equalize the pressures-to which the various nozzle-s or nozzle-sections are subjected. 1

Bolted or otherwise secured to theexhaust side of the diaphragm is a nozzle for supplythickness.

'ing elastic fluid to the buckets, which is also of novel construction. The nozzle is made up of-concentricrings which form aframe,

and this frame is divided into sections having suitably-finished surfaces that engage with correspondin surfaces on the adjacent sections when'tiie nozzle acts on a complete Each nozzle-section 1s range of buckets. provided with one or more t-hin partitions which extend radially, or substantially so, and are also inclined at an angle tothe plane of the'bucketwheel, so that the fluid will leave the nozzle at the proper angle. The partitions may with advantage be made of sheet metal of uniform or substantially uniform They may be made and secured to the sections of the frame in any suitable Way. I prefer, however, to cast them into the frame, since by so doing all loose pieces are avoided and the machine-work is reduced to a minimumg resulting in a simple and cheap construction which is easily made and replaced;- By making the frame in sections if one of them is injured in casting or while in service it'can readily be replaced and at asmall expense. The nozzle-passa es have the same an le of discharge, and the partitions are set that the motive fluid enters the buckets in the form of an unbroken cylindrical column;

Owin'gto the'fact that the partitions are inclined to the plane of the wheel and also to the .fact that the nozzle extends entirelyaround the diaphragm partition or support, theformand arrangement of the joint between the sections becomes an important feature, I refer to make this. joint with inclined abutting surfaces, and the plane of divisionis such that it is confinedto a space be tween 'adjacent partitions By, means of this construction andv arran'gonient the suriacesof the partitionsa're unbroken. Each 'section'is a counterpart of every other and the machine-work is reduced to a" minimum.

The nozzle may be of, the expanding or non-ex anding type, as desired. When nexpan g in. character, the discharge ii ortions of the pa'rtitionjsfwill occupy parallel.

' positions,- andgthe opposing walls of the frame will also be made parallel. When of the expanding character,- the partitions may be parallel or slightly divergent in the direction of the exhaust and the opposed walls ofthe frame suitably arrangedto give the desired 1o buckets.

go type.

.50 to sustain t- 50 11 and I2.

' pressure stage or stages. I Instead 0 providing all of the frame-sections of the nozzles with partitions for directing and guiding the motive fluid some of the sections maybe made blank-as, forexample, where less than the full number of 2c wheel-buckets are active in agiven stage.

In this case the beveled arrangement of the sections is preferably preserved, as are also the segmental chambers and equalizing and connecting passages adjacent to the active nozzles.

In. the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of my invention,

' Figure 1 is a partial lan view of the diaphragm of an elasticuid turbine of the jet Fi 2 is a cross-section, on an enlarged sca e, taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view of a nozzle-section. Fig.

.4 is a longitudinal section of a nozzle, and

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a slight modification wherein the diaphragm and nozzle are formed in a single structure.

5 represents the mai body or web of the diaphragm, and 6 a circumferential rib lorated between the shaft-opening and the outer rim 7. This rib strengthens thediaphragm, acts to cut off the chambers between the shaft and the buckets, and also as a means to prevent the wheel and intermediate buckets from engaging, roviding the clearance is less than thebuc et clear ances.

Extending radially from the web 5. and

uniting the rim 7 with it are ribs 8, of which as many mayl'be employed as arenecessary e pressure to which the diaphragm is subjected. Situated between the ribs are segmental chambers -9, that admit steam or other elastic fluid to the nozzles. The segmental chambers are connected by passages 10,'which supply steamer other zz eelastic fluid to the no assa es below them. The nozzle, which is olte or otherwise secured to the exhaust side of the diaphragm, comprises two rincipal members hese mein ers arecurved in the arc of a circle and are separated by a space. This space is divided by thin sheetmetalartitions 13 with nozzle-passe es; The .en of the nozzle-sections are beve ed,

65. as at 14, and are preferably,'but not neceslower pressure.

sarily, provided with plane surfaces. The adjacent surfaces -of adjoining sections should be corres ondingly formed so as to make a fluid-tig t joint between the sections. The sheet-metal partitions 13 are preferably cast into the members 11 and 12 of the nozzles and are of the eneral shape shown in dotted and full lines, ig. 3, and 1n section, Fig. 4. In the present embodiment of the invention the nozzles have a slight expansion, which is obtained by causing the walls 15 of the nozzle members to diverge.

In Fig. 5 the diaphra m is constructed as before, with the GXCGPtlOH that the nozzlepartitions 13 are cast into the mainbody thereof, and hence are not detachable. This construction possesses certain advantages in that the amount of machine-work is decreased and the chance for errors in alinementreduced to a minimum. The outer rim 7 is finished on the exhaust side and also on its periphery for a suitable portion thereof to insure a good joint with a shoulder 16 on the wheel-casing,17. The peripheral sur-' face engages a finished surface in the casing, which serves to center it.

The nozzle or nozzle-sections discharge motive fluid against the wheel-buckets, .and where the turbine is compounded by stages intermediate buckets are provided between Since the adjacent rows ofwheel-buckets. diaphragm or partition is intended to divide a'turbine into stages, 18 represents one stagecompartment an The machine may be rovided with one, two,;three, or more of t ese diaphragms, depending upon the requirements.

19 the adjacent one of.

My invention is applicable to horizontal as well as vertical shaft turbines.

- In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle.

of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I .now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative and that the invention can be carried out 'by other means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is- "1. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, a diaphragm 'orpartition which divides the easing into wheel-compartments comprising a central portion, a

surrounding se arated therefrom bya space and con'necte by ribs, wheel-buckets, a fluid discharging' device comprising assages separated .by' thin partitions, w 'ch discharge motive fluid in an unbroken column-to the wheel-buckets, and a chamber that extends under the ribs and receives motive fluid from a wheel-compartment and 'isin free communication with and supplies motive fluid to all of the nozzle-passages.

2; In'an' elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, wheel-buckets, an annular fluid-discharging device comprising aplurality of closely-associated discharge-pas sages separated by thin sheet-metal partitions, which discharge motive fluid in an unbroken cylindrical column to all of thewheelsurrounding the support and connecting the the wheel-buckets.

ribs, segmental chambers between thesupport and therim, which are connected on one side of the ribs so as to supplyall of the nozzle-passages, and nozzle-passa es which receive motive fluid from the c ambers and discharge it in an unbroken column against 4. In a turbine, the combination of a support having outwardly-extending ribs, a-rim surrounding the support and connecting the ribs, segmental chambers between the sup-4 port and therim, passages connecting the" chambers for supplying one ormore nozzlepassages adjacent to the ribs, and a nozzle" structure containin passages which receive fluid from the cham ers and passages;

5. In a turbine, the combination of a support having a circumferential strengthening: web, ribs extending outwardly from said support, a rim connecting the ribsand surrounding the support, chambers situated be-' tween the support and the rimfor supplying fluid to the nozzle, passages connecting the chambers, and anozzle structure attached to the support and provided with assages which receive fluid from the cham ers and the passages.

6. In a nozzle for turbines, the combination of a frame divided into sections and having concentric walls s arated by a space, one or more partitions w 'ch divide the space "intofluid-discharge-passages, and inclined abutting surfaces for the sections of the frame.

7. In aturbine, the combination of a support, a nozzle attached thereto comprising a structure curved'in thearc of a circle-and divided into sections, beveled abutting surfaces between the sections, and partitions carried by the nozzlewhich with the walls of said structure form sages. 8. In a turbine, the combination of a support, a nozzle attached thereto comprising a structure curved in the arc of a clrcle and, divided into abutting sections, partitions carried by the said structure which cooperate with the walls thereof to form fluid-discharg- I ing passages, theisections being so arranged that the lane of diw'sion between them is situated betweentwo .ad'acent. artitions, and means'for securing t fluid-discharging pas- 55 nozz 'esections .to the support and holding the abutting surfaces in contact. Q

9. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combina tion of a support having peripheral ribs thereon, a rim surroundin and connecting the ribs, segmental chamlgers situated be: tween the ribs, passa 'es extending across the ribs and connecting the chambers, and a nozzle attached to'the support and in a position.

toreceive fluid from the chambers and pas-' sages, comprising concentric members and 1 transverse partitions, the said nozzle being divided into segmental sections, each sec-v tion having an inclined surface which abuts on the adjacent sections. I 10. As an-article of manufacture, a nozzlesection comprising curved walls separated by a space, artitions which are attached'to the walls an divide the space between them into fluid-discharging passages, and a finished' beveled surface at one-end of the section, which is adapted to cooperate with a similar surface on an adjacent section when assembled. r 1-1. a As. anarticle' of manufacture, a'nozzlesection comprising'curved'walls separated bfl a space, thin sheet-metal partitions whic are cast into the walls and cooperate there with to form fluid-discharging passa es,'and

finished abutting surfaces on the" en s of the Section which are adapted to-cooperate with similar surfaces on adj acent' sections, the said abutting surfaces being located between {)wpi partitions when the parts are .as'sem- 9 -In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 3d day of June, 1905,

OSCAR JUNGGREN' Witnesses:

BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFORD. 

